Category Archives: Musings

From Cleveland Historical to Mobile Historical

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Long time without posting; this summer, we’ve had numerous questions about Cleveland Historical, its features, how it developed, and where we’re going with our mobile projects. Earlier in the summer, we outlined some of those ideas in the Urban History Association Newsletter, linked here, but I thought I’d take another stab at where we’re at, in an effort to more easily share the project’s various facets. (I’ve cross-posted over on the CPHDH website.)

Cleveland Historical is a software tool developed by the Cleveland State University’s Center for Public History + Digital Humanities for interpreting history, culture, and environment on mobile devices. We like to tell people that it’s a tool through which we curate the city. It uses Omeka (from the Center for History and New Media) as its archivally-based content-management system. This ties Cleveland Historical to what we believe to be one of the best tools available in the digital humanities world. It enhances the usability and extensibility of Cleveland Historical, and it benefits the expanding Omeka user community by giving it a new way of engaging audiences.

Cleveland Historical was born from the kernels of several projects that Center co-founders Mark Tebeau and Mark Souther developed in their urban history, public history, social studies, and local history seminars. The central intellectual tenet behind our work is the notion that cities, landscapes, and history itself can be curated by diverse communities collaboratively and in multiple media forms. The Center is also committed to engaged university teaching & learning in which students build meaningful history projects that contribute to the body of scholarly knowledge and are publicly sharable, whether in an urban tour, a public forum, or through digital means. The Center also has sought to integrate best history teaching practices into K-12 classrooms through teacher professional development and training, which the Center has built and expanded through multiple Teaching American History initiatives. Fourth, the Center has emphasized the importance of capturing human voices as the centerpieces of its projects, collecting over 700 oral histories in collaboration with students and the community in ongoing initiatives over several years. Fifth, the Center has sought innovative ways to connect digital humanities to public history scholarship. These have included experimentation with Omeka and other digital history tools and projects. Most notably, this approach emerged in the award-winning Euclid Corridor History Project that resulted in 19 history kiosks located along Euclid Avenue at rapid bus stations.

The Euclid Project confirmed that scholars could do interpretive public history in collaboration with students, teachers, and community members. As the project was implemented between 2008-2010, Tebeau and Souther wished they could carry the kiosks off the bus stations and into the city. Realizing that mobile phones could become the vehicle for innovative historical interpretation, the Center began to explore how to do just that. We are exploring how to use the emerging paradigm of mobile communication to enrich teaching and learning of history and at the same time build a durable and incisive interpretive tool for heritage tourism and curating place. The vision and architecture of Cleveland Historical was born, with a vision toward building a tool that could be extended beyond the city.

To date, Cleveland Historical has been developed by a broad swath of the regional community. Cleveland Historical has over 200 geo-located stories, most possessing a combination of text, images, audio, or videos. Altogether there are some 1500 images, 500 audio clips, and 150 videos (some visible on our YouTube Channel.) We are particularly pleased with the multimedia content because it represents our collaborative story-telling process. Our friends at Cleveland Memory (thanks Bill and team!) have provided great support in working with photographs. Student- and teacher-collected oral histories, coupled with a rich intellectual partnership with Randforce Associates at the University of Buffalo, provide a rich aural texture, bringing to life the region’s history. Video created by students following a technique and style that was developed through a rich collaboration with brilliant local filmmaker Kate O’Neil of Authentic Films. Later, Center technical director Erin Bell developed the look and feel for early videos and then helped students and teachers to achieve similar results. Finally, we’ve even added archival film footage from the 1920s, 30s, and 40s, to lend a rather remarkable historical sensibility to a number of the stories, including the air races and municipal stadium. Even so, much of the content remains imperfect, reflecting both our learning process and that of our partners. But, also the ways we use and interact with mobile are only now taking shape and evolving, which is why we explore and study how users–from tourists to 5th graders–react to the mobile applications.

Cleveland Historical also is becoming deeply embedded in the broader regional community through collaborative story development, regional classrooms, and its increasing use in interpretive tours and signage. In terms of collaboration, undergraduates have contributed to almost all the sites, with graduate students and historians editing, evaluating, and re-working content. Community members, from cultural organizations, community development groups, and various interest groups have contributed materials or stories for about one third of the sites. During the last six months, teachers have developed over 40 sites, in some cases in collaboration with their students. Many teachers are also using Cleveland Historical to engage students in learning American history through the landscapes of the region. Much of this work is highly original, exciting, and very much on the leading edge of where K-12 teaching is heading.

Communities have embraced the process of developing tours and connecting themselves to their own history through clever use of signage with QR (quick response) codes. Two neighborhoods have used Cleveland Historical as a tool for mobile tours of their community, including one tour that coupled the mobile application with guided tours. In collaboration with Downtown Cleveland Alliance, visitors to downtown Cleveland can find businesses with QR codes that lead to Cleveland Historical and historical views of the neighborhood. Additionally, over the next three months, four other communities will be involved in developing and extending tours, including collaborations with local schools and the use of Cleveland Historical as an interactive tool through which K-12 students can learn history.

Cleveland Historical is the first instance of a larger initiative called Mobile Historical through which we will extend Cleveland Historical into a mobile publishing platform available to the broader “GLAM” (Galleries, Libraries, Archives, and Museums) community, as well as to a broad swath of K-20 educators in middle schools, high schools, and universities. Mobile Historical will give partners the ability to deploy uniquely-branding mobile applications through which they can curate the historical and cultural landscapes of their communities. Partners’ applications–available on both iOS and Android platforms–will have all the functionality of Cleveland Historical, including:

availability on both iOS and Android;
content display functionality allows for multi-layered stories/sites that can include text, images, audio, and video;
connects to best practices in history teaching & learning for K-20 teachers and students;
extensive tour functionality, in which communities, teachers, and scholars can develop interpretive paths through the stories, according to geography, theme, or chronology; this provides both analytic depth as well as fabulous opportunities for teaching and learning;
availability of basic but attractive (being refined at the moment) mobile stylesheets (which makes the content available on Blackbery and Windows devices);
availability on the web in a format similar to Cleveland Historical (www.clevelandhistorical.org), with distinctive partner branding;
social media (Facebook, Twitter, email and other sharing tools) functionality;
the ability to create and access mobile tours, and to get directions to sites (as part of the geolocation functionality);
integration with QR codes to develop posters, signage, and other visible interactivity, so critical to interpretive expansiveness;
uses the standards-based open-source Omeka archival software as our content management system; (we can help partners establish their own hosted Omeka installation, or they can purchase a hosted version through Omeka.net).

The second instance of Mobile Historical will be Spokane Historical, through a partnership with Larry Cebula and his colleagues at Eastern Washington University, which opens in August 2011.

We are seeking partners to be beta testers for the hosted version of Mobile Historical, helping us to refine its functionality as we begin distributing it more broadly.

Coupled with the scaling of the Mobile Historical project into other communities through partner organizations, the Center has received funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities through an Office of Digital Humanities Start-Up Grant to explore the process of scaling this initiative beyond Cleveland. We have begun the process of adding new features, more robust functionality, and richer user interfaces. We are even building a user interface designed specifically to serve for use indoors, inside museums. Other new features will include enhanced tour functionality and the possibilities of user-created playlists. Also, we’re considering the process of adding additional map layers using historic maps, as well as the possibility of stories and sites augmented by three-dimensional historical views of the built landscapes, views via Google Earth.

We’re excited about the future directions of Cleveland Historical and the Mobile Historical initiative. We look forward to continued feedback and comments from users, digital humanists, and the broader GLAM community of scholars, archivists, and curators.

Courage

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Not quite sure what to make of President Obama’s gutsy move in going after Osama Bin Laden. There is just so much to process, on so many different levels.

First, it runs against just about everything I believe about justice, but I am not sure that Bin Laden could ever have been brought to trial. Also, the unilateralism, the crossing of national borders to carry out a political assassination, and the extremely dispassionate aggression all run counter to my gut reaction to find justice through broad legal means. That said, I have little doubt that justice was served and that Obama’s choices (see more below) actually showed a remarkably subtle grasp of international politics and justice. Indeed, rather than hide behind a drone attack and rain down wanton destruction, he chose the more dangerous and surgical action–one that undoubtedly saved innocent lives.

I have been equally stunned by the reactions. If young people used the moment to behave with patriotism and New Yorkers rejoiced, there nonetheless has been a strange lack of compassion in the jubilation that misunderstands the value of human life in what seem to me to be some of the same dehumanizing ways that terrorists approach the world.

Republicans and right-wingers have, not surprisingly, been reluctant to acknowledge the President’s role and/or just how exceptional and important this was. On a more positive note, many former Bush administration officials, including Dick Cheney, have shown more sense and appreciation for the exceptional decision-making that is involved.

Oddly, my students showed a surprising amount of skepticism, mirroring less virulently the ridiculousness of shock-jocks like Limbaugh or Cleveland’s own Trivisano (sp?) who claimed that Osama Bin Laden himself was a fabrication (???). Everyone wanted to see the body or photographs. Really, how exactly would that help them get closer to the truth? It appears that they fear the “government’s” power to lie and/or dupe people in a sort of unquestioning way that actually shows a remarkable lack of sophistication. I suppose that I should not be surprised, but I am disappointed. It makes having even a reasonable conversation about the day’s events impossible, when some large portion begin yapping about how its all a lie.

Regardless of the reaction, I am amazed by Obama’s decision making. They had evidence but Leon Panetta only estimated that it was 60-80 percent reliable. Moreover, they had different options–drones, bombers, special forces. He could tell Pakistan; he could not tell them. He could capture or kill. The list goes on. The stakes were incredible. What if Bin Laden wasn’t there? What if something went wrong (and it always does)? Think context–Desert One in Iran or Somalia.

Given the context, you have to be impressed with the deliberation, the decisiveness, and the resolve. If I admired Obama before, I am even more impressed now with his courage and instincts. Leadership demands making choices, and doing so under pressure and at the right moment. He could not have gotten this one any more correct.